How to Choose and Maintain Siding for Your Home

The type of siding you choose for your house will affect its appearance and protection. It should also suit the style of your home. For example, Colonial houses look better with cedar than vinyl or fiber cement.

Siding

Some siding options, such as brick cladding, can add value to your home and last for over 100 years. However, they require more maintenance than other types of siding. Contact Top Notch Roofing/Siding for professional help.

The cost of siding varies depending on the type and thickness of materials chosen, and how much work is required to install it. It also depends on the size of the house, as more surface area to cover means more labor and materials are needed. The price of siding is also affected by how old the current siding is and if it will need to be removed first.

In general, homeowners should budget for at least $1,500 to side a home of between 1,500 and 2,500 square feet. Some of the more expensive options, such as natural wood or fiber cement, may cost up to $20,000, while others, like vinyl, are significantly cheaper. In addition, homeowners should consider any other costs associated with the project, such as the cost of window flashing and insulation, or in some cases, a permit.

When calculating the amount of siding that is needed, it’s important to measure every wall and include any doors or windows. This will provide an accurate measurement of the area and ensure that enough material is ordered. It is also helpful to divide large areas into standard shapes for easy calculations. For example, a gable wall can be easily calculated using a formula that calculates the area of a triangle: base x height x width.

The installation of new siding is often a major undertaking, and it can be costly for the homeowner or contractor. A handy homeowner can sometimes do the work themselves, but a professional is always recommended to ensure that the job is completed safely and properly. Regardless of the installation method, it is important to choose high-quality siding to ensure that the project is done correctly and that the house is protected from future damage.

While wood siding is relatively inexpensive, it must be maintained regularly to protect the structure from moisture and pests. It must be treated every 4 to 6 years to prevent rot and insect infestation, and it must be painted or stained to protect it from the sun and rain.

Another option for homeowners is composite siding. Made from a mixture of different materials, composites look like natural wood but are more durable and resistant to moisture. James Hardie fiber cement siding, for instance, is designed to resist the problems that plague wood siding. It can withstand freezing temperatures and humidity, and it will not warp or crack as long as the wood beneath it is protected.

Durability

If you’re considering new siding for your home, it is important to consider its durability. The right choice can add a significant amount to the resale value of your house and ensure its longevity. It’s also important to choose a material that is durable enough to withstand the conditions in your climate, including weather, humidity, and pests.

Wood siding is a popular choice because of its natural look and warmth, but it needs to be treated with care. It’s vulnerable to wood rot, termites, and other moisture-related problems. To prevent these issues, it is a good idea to perform regular visual inspections and to re-stain or re-paint every 2 to 5 years.

Other types of siding are also very durable, and may even come with a lifetime warranty from the manufacturer. For example, LP SmartSide is an engineered wood product that is extremely durable. It is treated with zinc borate, which helps resist fungus and termite damage. It also resists damage from wind and impact, and can withstand a 50-year warranty from the manufacturer.

Another very durable type of siding is James Hardie board. It is a concrete-based product that is strong, flexible, and can withstand a wide range of weather conditions. It is available in a wide variety of colors and can be customized to match the exterior of your home. It’s worth pointing out, however, that this type of siding is more expensive than other options.

Metal siding is also very durable. It stands up well to snow and extreme temperatures and doesn’t warp or rot like wood. However, it’s not an effective insulator, so it’s not ideal for cold climates or for homes with sensitive owners. It’s also not soundproof, so it can be noisy in some situations.

The first step to determining the type and amount of siding you need is to measure all the walls on your house. This can be done using a tape measure or calculator. Once you’ve determined the total area of each wall, you can then add up all the areas and determine how much siding is needed. It’s a good idea to add 10% to the final figure to account for wasted materials.

Aesthetics

Siding is a significant investment that impacts the appearance and value of your home. It is essential to evaluate the different materials and textures to determine which one is right for your home. In addition, you should consider the architectural style of your house and how it matches up with the various options.

The material you choose also determines how easy it is to maintain. Some types require more maintenance than others, while some have better insulating properties. Moreover, some materials are more durable than others and can withstand extreme weather conditions. A good siding installation company will provide proper maintenance instructions and advice for the best results.

Wood siding is a classic option for homes that want to make a statement of elegance and class. However, it requires a lot of maintenance and is prone to moisture, insect, and rodent damage. When maintained properly, however, wood siding can last up to 100 years.

Another popular choice for homes is vinyl, which is available in a wide range of colors and styles. It is also lightweight and affordable, making it a great choice for homeowners on a budget. Vinyl is also durable and able to withstand harsh weather conditions. It is also termite-proof and fire-resistant.

Fiber-cement siding is another option that has gained popularity due to its aesthetic and durability. It is less expensive than vinyl, but it is still a worthwhile investment for homeowners who do not want to sacrifice quality. It is also resistant to rot and pests, and it can withstand high winds.

Stucco is another popular choice for homes that want to add a modern look to their exterior. It is a lightweight and durable material that can be painted in a variety of shades and can withstand extreme weather conditions. Stucco also offers a sleek, contemporary look and can be mixed with other textures to create diverse visual appeal.

Other exterior components, such as the front door, roof, and garage door, can also significantly affect your home’s curb appeal and value. Replacing your front door or installing a new roof can dramatically boost your home’s aesthetics, while a modern garage door will increase the functionality of your home.

Maintenance

There are several factors that determine the maintenance requirements of siding. The type of siding, the material and weather conditions are all important factors to consider. Knowing how to care for your home’s exterior siding can help to protect your investment and extend the lifespan of your siding. Inspecting for damage, cleaning your siding regularly and addressing minor repairs are all important parts of maintenance.

Typically, vinyl siding requires little more than routine cleaning with a hose and mild soap to keep it looking great. Wood siding has more maintenance requirements, and it should be stained or painted at least every four to six years. This protects the wood from moisture, sun and UV rays, and pest infestation.

Mold and mildew can grow on any siding material if it is not washed regularly, especially in areas with a lot of shade or moisture. Using a power washer with a non-abrasive cleaner can blast away the grit and grime that may be stuck to the siding. This prevents the growth of mold and mildew, and it also keeps the siding clean from moss, algae and lichen.

Stucco siding can stain easily if dirt, leaves and grass are allowed to collect at the base of the walls. A degreaser or bleach solution can be used to remove the stains, but it is important to test these materials on a small area before applying them to the entire surface of your siding.

Wood siding should be inspected regularly for signs of rot, termite tunnels and carpenter ant holes. If necessary, these areas should be repaired by a professional. Woodpecker holes can cause significant damage to the structure of your home, and these should be replaced as soon as possible.

Fiber cement and wood-fiber siding should be inspected for cracks, chips or damaged areas. These should be repaired as soon as possible to avoid water infiltration and further damage.

All types of siding require regular cleaning to ensure that the surface remains in good condition and to extend its lifespan. Keeping up with your home’s siding maintenance can protect your investment and add to the curb appeal of your house.

Beginner’s Guide to Painting

Alvarez Painting LLC is an expressive art form with colors applied to a flat surface. It can represent real or supernatural phenomena, interpret a narrative theme, or be used to create abstract visual relationships.

A basic understanding of fundamental painting techniques can drastically improve your artistic skills. This article will cover the basics of paint, color, and brushwork to help you advance in your art career.

Painting is a visual art form that uses paint, a pigmented substance that can be spread on surfaces to create decorative and functional layers. Artists use different painting techniques to achieve specific effects and styles of painting. Understanding color, tone, brushwork, and texture is essential to any beginner artist. Many different types of paint and applications can be used to create artwork, including oil, acrylic, watercolor, and gouache. Each of these painting mediums has its characteristics and benefits.

Oil painting is a traditional medium that involves mixing pigments with drying oils to produce a paint film that dries slowly. Painters usually apply the oil paint with a brush, but some also use a palette knife to achieve thicker layers of color. When using this painting technique, artists often build up layers of paint and blend them as they dry to create a smooth transition of colors and shades.

Watercolor is a versatile painting medium that can be applied thinly or thickly depending on the desired effect. It’s water-soluble, making cleaning the paint and brushes easy. It can also be mixed with other materials, such as flour and glue, to make interesting textures for backgrounds and overlays. Whether creating a landscape or a still life, this painting is perfect for adding texture and organic quality to your artwork.

Stippling is a marking technique that uses dots to suggest shapes and areas of contrast in a painting. The artist may stipple with a brush, pencil, or comb to create unique and expressive patterns. This type of painting is very delicate and can add a sense of movement to a work.

During the Renaissance, artists practiced a technique called chiaroscuro. This method involves applying an area of light against a darker background to give the painting depth and dimension. It was a favorite of artists such as Raphael.

Ink wash painting, or sumi-e, is a traditional Japanese style of simplicity and minimalism. Ink washes are applied with a brush and can be drawn very thinly for a subtle effect or thickly for a bolder look. Artists can also scratch into the paint to expose a darker layer underneath, which is called sgraffito.

Acrylic paint can be used to create a variety of interesting textures and patterns in paintings. This technique is simple to learn and can be fun for all ages. Artists may use a palette knife, rag, or sponge to create textures and experiment with different acrylic techniques like dirty pouring and string pull.

One of the most popular art forms is sculpture, but there are many ways to make your creative works of art using paint. Experimenting with different techniques will allow you to explore your creativity and develop your style. A basic understanding of the seven elements of art (line, shape, value, color, texture, space, and form) is also important for any painter.

There are many painting materials you need when painting. Depending on your style and painting technique, different materials will be required. Some basic painting materials include brushes, paints, palettes, and more. Depending on the job, you may also need some other items.

Using high-quality materials is very important to your painting results. It makes a difference between professional painting and hobby painting. You should always use the highest quality painting materials that you can afford. The master painters of history didn’t have any secret supplies that they used; they just had the best tools. If you are serious about painting, invest in quality brushes and paints, especially if you’re using oil. You should also invest in a good canvas and painting equipment that is sturdy and durable.

An easel is a wooden stand specially made for mounting paintings while they’re being worked on. They are very useful in displaying your artwork and are available in wood and metal. If you’re working on a large artwork, you’ll need an easel to accommodate it.

Paints are the most essential painting materials and are available in many forms. You can purchase student-quality paints or premium paints from a painting store. The higher-quality paints are usually created from more expensive pigments and are better for detailed paintings.

Painting can be messy, and you’ll need to protect your carpets, floors, and furniture from splatters. You can buy plastic garbage bags or tarps to cover them. Some painters also prefer to use tape to block off sections of the canvas that they don’t want to be painted, such as handles and lighting fixtures.

Some painters like to do an underpainting in thinned paint to help them map out areas or ‘map’ the colors of their design. They may also do a more substantial blocked-out underpainting to add depth to the final layers of paint above it. Other paint raw materials include driers, which augment the drying speed of the pigments, and plasticizers, which are versatile kinds of oils or chlorinated paraffin that scale the elasticity of the paint film and reduce cracking.

When painting walls, you need a variety of brushes ranging from flat-edged to round. Before painting, you’ll also need a broom to remove loose dust or debris. You can also use a foam roller for walls and cabinets. Foam rollers are a one-time use but provide a nice, smooth finish.

You’ll also need a paint tray, spatulas, palette knives, tape, and rags for cleanup. An easel is helpful if you’re painting on canvas, but you can also use any flat surface that is wide and clean. Palette knives are a type of flexible steel blade with no sharpened or cutting edge and a wooden or plastic handle used to mix paints on while you work.

A brush cleaner can remove any excess paint on the bristles before you reuse them. Another cleaning tool is a twig of linseed or poppy oil, which can clean the brush when wet.

Painters are frequently working with clients, so it’s important that they can communicate clearly and answer any questions that may arise. They also need to understand each client’s expectations regarding the job and how best to achieve them. For example, a client might ask if they can use bold colors to make the home stand out from the street or whether a specific color will match the surrounding landscape. A good painter can provide sound advice on each of these topics.

In addition, painters need to be able to explain technical aspects of their work to others. They might present to other painters about their different painting techniques or teach an art class to students looking to improve their skills.

Strong communication skills can help painters build rapport with their clients and coworkers. They can also use these skills when negotiating with potential employers, as they might be asked to describe their capabilities in interviews. When describing their abilities, painters should be able to show how they have used certain techniques and tools in past projects.

Painters must also listen to what their coworkers say and be willing to learn from them. This can be particularly helpful when they know a new technique or trend, as their coworkers might better understand how it can be implemented in their paintings.

Painting requires a lot of physical activity, so painters must be physically fit. They might need to stand for long periods or climb ladders to reach elevated surfaces, so they must remain active and avoid injuries. Painters also need to be able to follow safety protocols when using certain materials, such as lead paint, which can be harmful to their health.

Painters who want to develop their communication skills should seek mentorship from more experienced painters or apply for jobs at painting companies that offer training opportunities. This can help them get a foot in the door of the profession and gain experience that they can use to advance their careers.

How to Prepare Your Attic For Insulation Removal

Insulation is an important part of any home. It helps to keep the air in the house comfortable and can help to reduce energy costs. However, insulation can become damaged and may need to be removed.

To remove insulation, a lot of safety precautions must be taken. This includes wearing rubber-coated gloves and a respirator. Using sealable large garbage bags to dispose of the insulation is also a good idea. Click Here to learn more.

insulation removal

Insulation is a vital component in any home, and it can be a difficult and time-consuming process to remove. It is important to take the proper steps to prepare the area for insulation removal in order to make the process more efficient and to prevent any accidents or mishaps. The first step is to clear the area by removing any furniture or equipment that could hinder your work. You should also cover the floor with plastic sheets to protect it from any loose fiberglass particles or debris that may be created during the process.

You should also empty out any attic boxes or items that are stored in the space to create more room for working. It is a good idea to wear a dust mask when removing attic insulation in order to protect yourself from the toxic air that may be produced by the process. In addition, it is a good idea to wear gloves and eye protection when handling the insulation in order to protect your skin and eyes from any irritation.

Before starting to remove the insulation, you should inspect the walls for any holes or cracks that may need to be patched. This will help to ensure that the new insulation you are installing is in place properly and will not be affected by any existing damage. Additionally, you should check for signs of moisture or mold growth in the walls, as this may indicate that your current insulation is not performing properly.

If you find any problems, it is a good idea to contact a professional for assistance. They will be able to recommend the best course of action for your home. It is also a good idea to turn off any electricity and water supplies in the area where you will be working. This will prevent any accidents or injuries that may be caused by the power or water being turned on during the removal process.

Once you have cleared the area and covered the floors with protective coverings, you can begin to remove the old insulation. This will likely take several hours, so it is a good idea to plan ahead and have snacks or drinks available for when you are finished. It is also a good idea to take breaks every 15 minutes or so in order to avoid overheating.

Old insulation can contain harmful allergens like mold spores. These can be blown in the air during the removal process and spread throughout your home. Additionally, it can be a breeding ground for pests and rodents. Old or damaged insulation can also pose a serious risk to your walls, ceilings and floors. It can break down over time and lead to rot, decay, or structural failure in the worst cases.

You will want to hire a professional to remove the old insulation from your attic if it contains vermiculite, cellulose or asbestos. These types of insulation should be handled by professionals because they can release dangerous spores that can be airborne throughout your entire home during the removal process.

The first step is to prepare the area for removal. This includes clearing a path to the attic access door and covering furniture, floors and other equipment in the living areas of your home with plastic to protect them from debris. You will also need to clear a space on the ladder for the commercial vacuum and place waste bags inside the attic access.

Once you have prepared the area for insulation removal, you will need to gather your equipment and get ready for the job. The first thing to do is to wear a dust mask and safety glasses. You will also want to use a HEPA filter and a large capacity vacuum cleaner for best results. You can find a variety of these at your local home improvement store or online.

Before removing any insulation, you will want to check the attic for signs of animal damage or water leaks. This will help you determine whether your existing insulation needs to be replaced. If the insulation has been exposed to water, it may be moldy or rotting and needs to be removed immediately.

When removing blown in insulation, you will need to wear a dust mask for protection from the fine dust particles that are released during the vacuuming process. You will also need a HEPA filtered vacuum cleaner, industrial waste bags and a ladder. A professional insulation removal service will have these tools and can offer a full clean-up services including the decontaminating chemicals, rodent proofing methods and better trash bags.

Old insulation like fiberglass or cellulose can be very prone to mold, mildew and bugs. They also retain allergens that can cause asthma flareups and other health issues. So if your attic and crawl space have a lot of old insulation it’s definitely time to remove it.

The good news is that insulation removal does not need to be done by a professional, and you can safely stay in your home during the process. However, it is important to take precautions. This includes closing all doors inside your home and if there is a doorway to the attic hanging a heavy piece of plastic over it. This will help prevent irritants from drifting into your home during the insulation removal.

If you choose to tackle the job yourself, it is highly recommended that you use a high-powered shop vacuum with a filter. This will make the job far quicker and much less dusty. It will also allow you to dispose of the insulation more easily and will expose you to fewer potentially toxic airborne fiberglass particles.

The most important thing to remember is to always wear protective gear. This includes gloves to protect your hands, a mask and long pants. The gloves and mask will help to prevent any fibers from getting on your skin or into your mouth. It’s also recommended that you wear a dust mask to protect your nose and throat from fiberglass particles as well.

You should also be sure to cover any areas where insulation is not being removed with plastic sheeting. Insulation is dusty and if it blows into open spaces you will want to be sure that it doesn’t get on furniture or drapes. It’s also a good idea to cover any electrical outlets and light switches with plastic sheeting.

Getting rid of that old, ineffective insulation in your attic, crawlspace and rim joist is a great way to improve the overall energy efficiency of your home. It will also improve the safety of your family by reducing the likelihood that the old insulation will become a critter condo.

After removing the old insulation, you’ll need to properly dispose of it. This is important because it’s hazardous and can affect the health of anyone who comes into contact with it.

If the insulation contains asbestos, it’s important to hire a professional asbestos removal company for proper testing and disposal. This is because it requires special equipment and skills. Additionally, if the insulation is contaminated with mold, it’s critical to address it promptly and seek the guidance of a mold remediation specialist.

When disposing of the insulation, you should always follow local waste management guidelines. This includes separating the insulation from other household waste materials and labeling the bags clearly. It also means taking the insulation to a landfill facility that is authorized and equipped to handle construction waste.

It’s also a good idea to recycle the insulation whenever possible. This will help to minimize waste and promote a greener future. You can find recycling options online or ask your waste management facility for guidelines.

Before putting the insulation in a dumpster, it’s a good idea to put on protective gear, including gloves, eye goggles, and a dust mask. This will protect you from the dangerous fibers and any allergens that may be present in the insulation. Additionally, it’s a good idea to use a headlamp or portable lighting in your attic, so you can see the work area clearly and avoid any potential hazards.

You’ll likely end up with several garbage bags full of insulation, so it’s a good idea to have a trailer or large truck on hand to transport the waste. This will prevent any unhealthy particles from escaping the bags and potentially invading your vehicle.

While landfill disposal is the least desirable option, it may be necessary in some cases. If this is the case, there are a number of precautions you should take to limit the impact on the environment. For instance, you should ensure that the bags are sealed tightly and that they’re disposed of at an authorized landfill facility. You should also consider donating the insulation to individuals or organizations in need.

The Advantages of Hiring Professional Home Painters

Professional home painters can access equipment many homeowners wouldn’t even know how to use. This can make the job much quicker and more efficient.

Painting a home can be messy, but reputable professionals will keep your furniture out of the way and try to minimize messing up wall decor. In addition, they have insurance and can offer a warranty for their work. Click Here to learn more.

painting service

Most people consider painting a fairly easy project they can take on themselves. However, the truth is that it’s much more than just dipping a brush or roller into paint and applying it evenly to walls. There is a lot more to it than that, and a professional who does it as a living can take on much larger jobs and do them much more quickly and efficiently.

When you hire a home painter, they have all of the equipment that they need to get the job done right. This includes high-quality brushes and rollers, large ladders and scaffolding and, for larger jobs, air compressor spray guns. If you’re doing the job yourself, you’ll have to purchase all of this equipment before you start, and it will add up in cost very quickly.

In addition, a good home painter will also have spackling tools to repair any small cracks and holes on the wall before they start. They’ll also have a quick-drying spackle, like DAP DryDex, that changes color when it’s dry so they can know whether it needs to be sanded or not before they continue on with the painting.

Another handy tool that many DIY painters don’t have is masking film, which is a thin plastic sheet that you can use to cover any furniture or surfaces that don’t need to be painted. It comes in rolls or folded up squares, and it’s held in place with static electricity so there is no need to tape it down.

You should always ask about the painters’ licensing and insurance before hiring them to do the job. They should be licensed to operate their business in your state and have general liability and workers’ compensation insurance that covers them if they are hurt on the job. If a painter doesn’t have this, they should not be allowed to work on your house, as they are taking a huge risk with their safety.

Painters are constantly on tall ladders, sanding and scraping walls, so they have to wear safety gear to protect themselves from falling or getting injured. They should be wearing a hard hat, eye protection and a dust mask. A good home painter will be willing to talk about their safety practices and provide proof of their insurance so you can feel comfortable with them working on your house.

A good painting contractor will have at least 3-4 people working on your home simultaneously. This means they can get the job done faster than you could if you were to do it yourself. This can be a huge benefit if you’re trying to sell your home quickly or just want the new paint to be in place before guests arrive.

One of the most important things to remember about hiring a home painting contractor is that you should always get a few estimates before making a final decision. This will give you a chance to see what each contractor is charging, and it will help you find the best one for your particular needs. However, you should also be wary of any home painters who offer extremely low prices. These contractors may not have all of the necessary paperwork, references, and insurance coverage to work legally in your area.

It’s also a good idea to ask a potential home painting contractor for a list of references from past clients. You can then contact these people and ask about their experience with the company. This will help you to gauge the quality of work, adherence to schedules, and professionalism of the company.

You can also ask the painting contractor about any training that their employees undergo. This will help you to determine if they are dedicated to providing high-quality work and will go the extra mile to ensure that all of their employees receive proper training.

Another question to ask is about any type of warranty that they offer on their work. Most reputable painting contractors will offer some sort of guarantee on their work, and this should be clearly stated in the contract. While most painters will not offer decade-long warranties, they should be able to provide some kind of guarantee that covers dings and scratches for at least the first year.

Finally, you should always ask the home painting contractor about any time they made a mistake on a job and how they fixed it. This will help you to decide if they are professional enough to handle your project and how they would address any issues that might arise.

Most professional home painters take pride in their work and are more than happy to answer any questions that you may have about the process or their services. You may have questions about the cost of the job, how long it will take, or what paint they recommend. They can also tell you how much the materials will cost, and break up the total cost into direct and indirect costs.

If you have a lot of furniture that needs to be moved around or covered during the painting, you should ask whether they will do this for you. Some companies do, while others will expect you to move your own furniture or hire movers to do it for you. It’s worth it to pay a bit more for a company that will take care of the extra work so that you don’t have to worry about damage.

It’s also a good idea to check that the company has valid insurance before hiring them for your project. If the painter doesn’t have insurance, you could be held liable in the event of an accident that occurs on your property during the painting. A legitimate painting contractor should be able to provide you with copies of their insurance and customer testimonials/references so that you can feel confident in their abilities.

The most important question to ask a house painter is whether or not they stand behind their work. Any genuine painting contractor will put their reputation on the line to ensure that you are satisfied with their work. If there are any problems with the paint job, they will fix it. Sometimes this is a simple touch-up, but in some cases it may mean repainting an entire room.

A home painter should be able to explain the different types of paint that they use and why they are better than other brands. They should be able to tell you which is best for certain surfaces, and how they prepare each surface before painting it. You should also ask if they will cover and protect your furniture, as well as the floors.

One of the most important things you can do after hiring a home painter is to hire a cleaning service to clean up after the job is done. This will ensure that there is no residue from the paint left behind and that your home is clean and ready for you to move back in as soon as possible.

There are a few different kinds of painting companies. Some are small mom-and-pop type operations that involve only a few people. These typically have low prices and are a good choice for small jobs. They will probably not have all of the equipment that larger painting companies have, such as large ladders and insurance. However, they will still be professional and will do a great job.

Other painters are more established companies that have been around for a while. They will likely have a website and a few online reviews to show for their past work. They will also have more experience than the one-man-shows, so they will take the job a bit more seriously. These companies will likely have insurance, and some may even offer a warranty on their work.

It’s also a good idea to ask the painter about any preparation work that will be needed. For example, if you need to have moldy or mildew-stained drywall removed and replaced before the new paint goes on, you will need to let the company know that ahead of time so that they can add that to their estimate. This will save you from having to pay for additional repairs or cleanup down the road.

The painters will also be able to tell you if they think any additional preparation work is needed, such as sanding down rough surfaces or priming the wall before painting. They can then advise you on what options to consider for the best results.

It’s also a good idea to remove any valuable furniture from the room being painted before starting work. That way, you can keep them safe from the paint fumes and prevent any damage to your furnishings. You may want to put them in storage or move them to another part of the house until the work is complete.

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